different from what is normal

more than enough

treating something badly

related to education, especially at university level

to provide enough space for

belonging to a different place, especially a different world

separated

come into view; come into existence

come/go near to something

living in or near water

a body of rock which contains water

a very heat-resistant material which can be woven into fabric or used in brake linings – also causes very dangerous lung diseases

layer of gas surrounding a planet

having qualities or features which cause interest

being able to be obtained

to send out in a certain direction

a hot or cold drink

a shapeless piece of something, usually a thick liquid

to prevent (movement, activity or success)

an official group of people that has responsibility for a particular activity or organization

to increase, to raise

a gap, or hole, in a wall or barrier

stop working

a person who makes beer

to cause something to happen

available money

something difficult or worrying that you are responsible for

a secondary product made in the manufacture of something else

a deep, narrow valley

a feature or quality typical of a person, place, or thing

not a member of the armed forces

to confidently state a fact or belief

something that covers

the changing of a fluid (especially blood) to a solid or partly solid state

easy to understand because the information is presented in an orderly and reasonable way

the act of working together

an instance of two things hitting each other

fight; to take action in an organized way in order to oppose something bad or harmful

to make someone want to do something

a person, team, company, etc., that is competing with another

telling someone you are not satisfied with something

to make up a whole

the amount of a substance in a mixture or solution

worry

not in agreement

an instance of being so crowded it is difficult or impossible to move

following continuously, in order

always done in the same way

continual, repeated

a part of something

making impure or bad by mixing in impure, dirty or poisonous matter

usual

to (cause to) change in form, character or function

to communicate

easy to believe that it is true

the dense metallic or rocky centre of a planet; the central part of a nuclear reactor where the reactions take place

a time of intense difficulty or danger

hard outer part (such as bread crusts)

a large group of animals, characterised by a hard shell, e.g. shrimp, shellfish, crabs, etc.

a very toxic chemical

to make something publicly or officially known

a lack of something

the state of having too little water in the body

done in a way that is intended or planned

to take away the natural properties of something

to move downwards

very damaging

to notice or discover something, especially if it is not easy to hear

work out, calculate

to give

discovering which illness a patient has

to make weaker by mixing with water or another solvent

not being satisfied with the situation

to see a difference between things

the rounded summit of a hill or mountain

uncertain

situated or moving in the direction in which a stream or river flows

disadvantage, problem

to give an unofficial name or nickname to

not wasting; good value

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

to remove or get rid of

a covering structure or layer

concerning or affecting the natural world

to supply items needed for a specific purpose (usually used in the passive)

a long period of time in history marked by events or developments of some kind

to show to be true or certain

the painless killing of people who are very ill or very old to stop them suffering; sometimes called ‘mercy killing’

to have had all the air, water or other contents removed

develop gradually

extremely good

related to scientific experiments or laboratory tests

clear and detailed, with no room for confusion or doubt

uncover, to make known

causing or resulting in death

to supply or provide

a result, something which has been found through research or experiment

move steadily and continuously in a current or stream

a gas or liquid

a natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the past from the remains of living organisms.

to start the development of

easily broken or damaged

to obtain (something useful, necessary, wanted, etc.)

a machine which generates, or makes, something, especially electricity

a code in your genes which makes something more likely to be happen

to give (formally)

a gas that is thought to trap heat above the earth and cause the greenhouse effect, e.g. carbon dioxide, cfcs.

a network of electricity supply wires connecting power stations with consumers

a medical condition in which the blood is too thin and does not clot, so a small cut will continue to bleed until medical help is found

half of the earth, usually as the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere

to move at high speed, usually in an uncontrolled manner

the offspring, or child, of two plants or animals of different species

electricity generated from the movement of water, often involving a large dam

an idea or explanation without firm proof, as a starting point for further investigation

exactly the same

against the law

not allowing fluid to pass through

in perfect condition

the rate or frequency of something (usually something bad e.g. illness, crime, etc.)

coming towards you

impossible to cure

without any fixed end point

the space left when one line of text is further towards the middle of the page than others

freedom; ability to do things on your own

having no interest in what is happening

an effect made on the character or behaviour of something else

having great influence

to take a quality or characteristic from parents or ancestors

at the beginning

based on a new idea

a close look at something, the action of checking that something is being done correctly

the quality of being strong

to stop something continuing or being carried out properly

explanation of a situation or event

very interesting, mysterious

an animal without a backbone

something against a rule (possibly illegal)

a topic or subject for discussion

a situation in which it is difficult or impossible to move because there are too many people/things/cars/etc.

to write something quickly

to come or bring down to the earth

to send out e.g. a rocket or a boat

an escape of gas, liquid, etc.

allowed by law; following the law

an old story about great events and people, which may not be true

a white blood cell

an official card, paper, etc., showing that permission has been given to do something

passive: are linked to = are said to be related to

a piece of equipment to measure the brightness of an object

to be hidden, as though waiting for something

keeping something in good condition

usually unimportant; slight

cruel and showing no kindness or forgiveness

the gathering of information for military purposes (e.g. spying)

a place where coal or some other mineral is taken out of the earth

type

a community of monks, or the place where they live.

to observe and check over a period of time

dull, boring, repetitive; with no variation in pitch

to increase

a group of computers that are connected to each other and can send information between them

the state of having become old and unnecessary due to newer, better things being available

to function

the regular, repeated path of an object around a star or planet

factor of ten; the exponent (here 13) of a number in the form 3.62x10¹³

a natural, solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted

chemicals which contain carbon and mostly come from biological sources

considering everything involved

having a very strong emotional effect

especially

never ending

to represent in human form

to find or locate exactly

large hole in the ground

a factory

a part of something

is not harmful now, but has the ability to become harmful in the future

effective or convenient in real conditions

being more likely to suffer from something

to stop something happening

main

a special right or advantage

physically explore or examine

to cause someone to do something

likely to suffer from or experience something

having a constant ratio to another quantity

the study of the mind and how it works

the action of buying

energy emitted as electromagnetic waves or subatomic particles

extremely

a close relationship

to make a military observation of something

the action or fact of something being made smaller

prove something to be wrong

area

an official rule

a member of your family, by birth or by marriage

to receive and pass on

directly connected with the subject or problem being discussed

dependence

something needed to do something

a person who lives somewhere

to say or do something in reply or as a reaction to a situation

to absorb and continue to hold

to keep

going in the opposite direction

the edge formed where two sloping sides meet, e.g. a long, narrow hilltop

circumstance or fact that makes it more likely that someone will develop a disease

to be operated/worked

to be used up, with nothing remaining.

an object moving in a circular or elliptical path around a larger body, held there by the larger body’s gravity

on a scale: in an amount

to plan for a certain time in the future

language used in presentations to help the audience know which part of the presentation they are listening to, and to help the remember more of it

the bones in an animal’s body; the basic structure of something

a place where one metal is extracted from a mixture of metals

photograph

related to the sun

the event in which the moon passes between the earth and the sun, thereby blocking the light from the sun and making it appear dark on earth

an act or way of finding an answer to a problem

additional, available

constant, unchanging

workers

no longer fresh or pleasant to eat or drink

the action of keeping

a long, thin mark

to hit

to act in place of another person or thing

the highest point of a hill or mountain

keep something going over time

keeping a firm hold, not willing to give something up

a belief or principle

final; terminal illness: an illness which cannot be cured and will cause death

concerned with ideas and theories; not practical

suggest an idea, theory

nuclear fusion reactions which occur at extremely high temperatures

a medical condition in which the blood clots too easily.

to (make something) become firm

poisonous

to follow the course or movements of something

to exchange (often for money)

lasting only for a short time

to change from one form to another (especially between languages)

to cause to pass from one place to another

a sound or a small number of spoken words

a space from which all air has been removed

to clean with a vacuum cleaner

a machine that cleans floors by sucking up dirt

the crime of deliberately damaging things, especially public property

change; modify

to sell

an action that breaks a law, rule or principle

a picture, diagram or short piece of text used to help explain something

open to danger or harm

to polish something by applying and then removing wax

destroy